Burst Transmissions Technology And Characteristics

rive contagions Technology And CharacteristicsSt investgy is the art of make use of date and space. I am less(prenominal) concerned close the latter than the former. Space we establish notice rec over, lost time never Napolean Benoparte offend TRANSMISSIONS TECHNOLOGY1. Having understood the surveillance network requirements, carried out an analysis of our contribute surveillance network and identified cleave contagion remains as an substitute means to pass the information to surveillance centres, the aim of this part is to give way the effectiveness of erupt transmission applied science for the networking of surveillance resources in forego terrain for offensive operations.BURST TRANSMISSIONS TECHNOLOGY AND CHARACTERISTICS2. Electromagnetic waves, like totally former(a) waves ar characterized by their frequency and intensity. The electromagnetic spectrum consists of electromagnetic waves of all practicable frequencies. This spectrum extends from the very high fre quency ranges to mill metric waves in military1. The electromagnetic waves do not fol first gear the man made rules/ international boundaries. They ass be easily intercepted and analysed to get intelligence about the enemy2. Today we ar using viral haemorrhagic fever radio set receiver as the primary means of evanescent our surveillance information to our surveillance centres.3. Working Of Burst Transmission. The term disclose transmission involves compressing the information, high information signaling rate and transmission in short separates which are not easily detectable by the enemy. Burst transmission basically compresses the same info and sends it in ebullitions. This technology is real popular among the spies and military personals receivable to its advantages3.4. A radio tampage is a short transmission in burst form of data that occurs on a radio channel. The burst data may drive different types of radio characteristics i.e the modulation type, error cod ing, precede length and transmission guard time periods. It contains reference sequences in form of a precede and possible a midamble, control information and payload of data. The combination of all the above menti matchlessd characteristics is called the burst profile4. A burst fructify is a single burst transmission packet and it has the preamble along with one or more bursts of data. The bursts of information will contain packets having different modulation and coding. A burst frame contains the complete set of information for a burst transmission. The bursts within a burst set are sequenced harmonise to their modulation complexity. With the bursts having lower complexity modulation beginning patch upd at the beginning of the radio packet. Subsequent bursts merchantman use modulation types with higher(prenominal) complexity (e.g. QPSK, QAM). This allows subscriber stations to receive and decode all the bursts up to the burst with the highest modulation type it can receive5 .5. To enable the receiving doohickey to lock on, the radio bursts start with a sequence of bits i.e a preamble that the receiving device can recognize and lock onto. On locking onto the preamble, it knows the view of the rest of the packets. For lifelong radio bursts, midamble sequences may be inserted which helps the receivers in the decoding of bursts. A midamble is defined as a sequence of bits which the receiving device can recognize and lock onto to assist in decoding the bits surrounding it. displace preambles and midambles frequently give the user an increased mobility. information packets may be inserted within the payload of a single radio burst. They may be located at one place or divided or fragmented over several radio packet bursts or fourfold small packets and packed into the burst payload. The figure below depicts an example of a radio packet which is made of a preamble and a set of bursts6.http//1.bp.blogspot.com/_tuOGu0JuGOE/SsgZscaJj2I/AAAAAAAAC0I/cC-iCmchLx M/s400/1.jpgFigure radio set Packet Containing Preamble And data6. Characteristics Of Burst Transmission Technology.It is a relatively high bandwidth transmission over short period of time7.Very high data signaling rate with very short transmission time8.Data is stored for a given time are sent at 10 to more than 100 propagation the normal rates, recorded when received and then slowed down to normal rate for use by the receiver9.It has first-class honours degree Probability of bug and Low Probability of Detection10. The actual transmission time is very less which make it demanding to detect.The download time might use 2Mbit/s on a average while having peaks bursting up to 2.4 Mbits/s11.Data transmission is interrupted at intervals12.Data is digitally encrypted13.7. Limitation Of Burst Transmission Technology.The system is dependent on the radio interface for transmission of data. Line of sight is s work a major consideration for VHF transmission. HF transmission is recommended to obviate the problem14.The error in data during transmission / reception can lead to error at the receiving end.8. The burst transmission is a suitable means to transmit data over a long range in secure mode due to the following reasons-The transmission takes place for a short period i.e but when data has to be passed, thus it has a Low Probability of Intercept and Low Probability of Detection.It is difficult for enemy Direction Finding systems to locate the radio as it transmits for a short duration that is besides when required.MODELS IN USE9. The burst transmission technology is one of the technologies being utilise in the armed forces of other countries for networking. The Harris RF- 3700, Falcon II AN/PRC one hundred fifty (c), GRA -71 all of USA, GRC -6400 400W HF Radio System, Tadiiran HF -6000 Radio System of Israel and HF 7000 of Germany are examples of use of burst transmission in military conversation. like equipments using burst transmission have been designed and developed in India by Bharat electronic Limited.10. Harris RF 3700 Harris Universal Transmission Software (HUITS). It is a Microsoft-Windows 2000/XP compatible software being apply by United States forces for close and secure transmission of high resolution digital imagery, motion telly clips and other data difficult tactical conference channels. It has a data transfer rate of 64 kbps and uses burst transmission to transmit data. Data/ images are transferred using HF/VHF/ UHF/ land bend media on a click of a button once acquired15.11. Falcon II AN/PRC 150 (c). It is a software defined HF radio system being utilize by United States forces for tactical communication including data transfer. It uses burst transmission and has high speed modem for data transfer. It can be interfaced with US Tactical Internet without any special boxes16.12. GRC -6400 400W HF Radio System. It is a 400W HF radio system being used by Israel for tactical communication including data transfer. It uses burst transmission and has an adjustive high rate modem up to 4.8 Mbit/s for data transfer17.13. Tadiiran HF 6000. It is a HF radio system being manufactured by Elbit Systems, Israel for tactical communication including data transfer. It can also use burst transmission for data transfer. It is available in fixed station, ship, vehicle, man pack and high power versions18.14. HF 7000. It is a HF radio system being used in Germany for tactical communication including data transfer. It uses burst transmission for fast data transfer. It is available in fixed, semi runny base, vehicle and man pack versions19.EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE FROM BHARAT ELECTRONIC LIMITED15. in that location are similar equipments being made in India by Bharat Electronic Limited. However they have not been exploited for surveillance network till today. The equipments available from Bharat Electronic Limited are discussed in succeeding paras.16. mould Message Alphanumeric Radio Terminal (SMART). It is a g ist touch on and transmission equipment establish on a microprocessor for field use. It provides reliable burst transmission capability and reduces radio channel line time with in reduction in probability of interference and jamming. It has a zeal to get up messages off air with the alphanumericalal keyboard and display unit of the equipment. It supports both resign and formatted text messages and has intact encryption for text message. Voice Links on HF Radio can be done using the built-in modem. It can operate in poor channel conditions. A intemperately copy of messages can be taken by connecting a fooler to a serial port ASCII scoreer. The terminal can also be optimized for a particular application. Interface with PC is also available as an optional S/W module to handle messages having relatively longer length, thus giving an user friendly edit capability. It is being used by the Mobile Observation flights of Indian Air Force20.17. paw Held Radio Terminal (HART). It i s a small size, light weight and low power consuming terminal used for preparation and transmission of alphanumeric messages digitally. Its ideal for field use. The terminal reduces the chances of interference and jamming by providing reliable burst transmission capability and reduce radio channel occupancy time. Messages are instald off-air with the alphanumeric keyboard. Messages reception is automatic21.18. HF Trans receiver. It is an groundbreaking lightweight 20W HF portable radio set. It meets all the requirements of short-range communication to operate in crowded HF band. It provides voice, data, telegraphy and flash (burst) message communication. Communication reliability is improved by means of automatic joining establishment, which enable real-time selection of optimum channel frequency22.19. hurt Alone Communication Unit (SACU). It is a high speed, secure data communication equipment using burst communication technique with built in encryption method and modems contai ned in a rugged compact unit. It has the facility for communication over three independent channels simultaneously. The advantage provides are short on-air time and high network capacity. It has capability to edit, address, transmit, receive, acknowledge, store and print the messages23.20. Burst Error Control System for Teleprinter (BEST Mk II). It is a microprocessor based forward error control equipment for reliable burst transmission of alphanumeric messages. It can be easily connected with conventional teleprinters and personal computers to prepare messages off-air from the terminal and transmit synchronously in a burst mode. It has additional features like automatic reception, message numbering, date and time, multiple copy print out, auto print mode, auto repeat facility, etc24.21. There are a number of VHF radio sets using burst transmission for data communication however they are not being discussed further since VHF radio has limited bandwidth and limited range being a line of sight communications. It is thus unsuitable for offensive operation in comeupance25.22. Deductions. The burst transmission is being used by tactical radio manufactures in USA, Germany, Israel and many other countries due to its advantages like high data transfer, digital encryption, low probability of Intercept and detection. Software Defined Radio and software like Harris RF-3700 Harris Universal Transmission Software not only enable the easy transfer of images/ data but also give the facility to connect to tactical internet network without any additional connections. Thus real time fast and reliable transmission of high resolution digital imagery, motion video clips and other data which is difficult over VHF radio based tactical communication networks can be achieved through burst transmission. The United States is using this technology in their Joint Tactical System Program26.